Um dos verbos mais usados na Língua Inglesa
O verbo to have é um dos mais usuais entre os falantes da língua inglesa, perdendo apenas para o verbo to be.
O verbo to have pode assumir diversos significados a depender do contexto, podendo desempenhar o papel de verbo principal da oração, verbo auxiliar na construção dos tempos verbais e verbos modais (modal verbs) quando utilizado para expressar necessidade ou obrigação.
Contudo, em sua maior parte, o verbo to have indica propriedade e posse, sendo traduzido pelo verbo "ter", "possuir".
O verbo to have é um dos verbos irregulares em inglês e sua forma no passado é "had". Além disso, sofre modificação quando conjugado na terceira pessoa (She, He e It), passando a ser "has".
“Have a nice day” (Tenha um ótimo dia) é uma forma de usar o verbo to have. (Foto: Public Domain Pictures)
Verbo to have como verbo principal
Nessa função, o verbo to have é o mais usual, pois indica posse como o verbo "ter", em português. Mas também pode indicar uma ação.
Exemplos:
• We have four dogs to adopte. (Nós temos quatro cães para adotar.)
• He has lunch on noon. (Ele almoça ao meio-dia.)
Verbo to have como verbo modal
Ao desempenhar o papel de verbo modal, o verbo to have deve vir no infinito, ou seja, deve ser acompanhado pelo "to".
Veja exemplos de acordo com alguns tempos verbais em inglês:
• You have to wash the car. (Você tem que lavar a carro.) / Afirmativa
• She doesn't have to buy this house. (Ela não tem que comprar essa casa.) / Negativa
• Do you have to say something today? (Você tem que dizer alguma coisa?) / Interrogativa
• You had to play until 2 p.m. (Você tem que jogar até às duas horas da tarde.) / Afirmativa
• We didn't have to work today. (Nós não tenhos que trabalhar hoje.) / Negativa
• Did they have to talk to the teacher about their grades? (Eles tiveram que falar com o professor sobre as notas deles?) / Interrogativa
• We will have to go to the movie by bus because my car broke. (Nós teremos que ir de ônibus ao cinema porque meu carro quebrou.) / Afirmativa
• James won't have to read the book. (James não terá que ler o livro.) / Negativa
• Will she has to write the article about him? (Ela terá que escrever o artigo sobre ele?) / Interrogativa
Verbo to have como verbo auxiliar
Como verbo auxiliar, o verbo to have é utilizado nos tempos compostos, isto é, nos tempos verbais do tempo perfeito.
Present Perfect
• She has broken her army leg. (Ela quebrou o braço.)
• He has been working as a chemistry teacher for 5 years. (Ele trabalha como professor de química há cinco anos.)
Past Perfect
• The movie had already started when I got to the cinema. (O filme já tinha começado eu cheguei.)
• She was tired because she had been working for 8 hours. (Ela estava cansada porque tinha trabalhado por oito horas.)
Future Perfect
• We will have gone to their house by next mouth. (Nós teremos ido para a casa deles no mês que vem.)
• Next week we will have been studying here for 3 years. (Na próxima semana estaremos estudando aqui por três anos.
Conjugações do verbo to have
| Simple Present | Present Continuous | Simple Past | Past Continuous |
| I have | I am having | I had | I was having |
| You have | You are having | You had | You were having |
| He/She/It has | He/She/It is having | He/She/It had | He/She/It was having |
| We have | We are having | We had | We were having |
| You have | You are having | You had | You were having |
| They have | They are having | They had | They were having |
| Simple Future | Future Continuous | Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Continuous |
| I will have | I will be having | I have had | I have been having |
| You will have | You will be having | You have had | You have been having |
| He/She/It will have | He/She/It wiil be having | He/she/It has had | He/She/I has been having |
| We will have | We will be having | We have had | We have been having |
| You will have | You will be having | You have had | You have been having |
| They will have | They will be having | They have had | They have been having |
| Past Perfect | Past Perfect Continuous | Future Perfect | Future Perfect Continuous |
| I had had | I had been having | I will have had | I will have been having |
| You had had | You had been having | You will have had | You will have been having |
| He/She/It had had | He/She/IT had been having | He/She/It will have had | He/She/It will have been having |
| We had had | We had been having | We will have had | We will have been having |
| You had had | You had been having | You will have had | You will have been having |
| They had had | They had been having | They will have had | They will have been having |
Aprender a conjugar corretamente os verbos é essencial para quem deseja fazer provas ou concursos que exigem língua inglesa, ou até mesmo, manter uma conversa simples com quem fala o idioma. Por isso, é importante exercitar sempre tudo o que foi explicado. Na internet, há várias formas de colocar o aprendizado em prática, seja através de atividades, teste de inglês, e até mesmo simulados.